After a recession, growth took off from 1959, creating an economic boom that lasted until 1974, and became known as the "Spanish miracle". Francisco Franco - Encyclopedia Britannica | Britannica [72], Jos Calvo Sotelo, who made anti-communism the focus of his parliamentary speeches, began spreading violent propagandaadvocating for a military coup d'tat; formulating a catastrophist discourse of a dichotomous choice between "communism" or a markedly totalitarian "National" State, and setting the mood of the masses for a military rebellion. Franco's Nationalists were supported by Fascist Italy, which sent the Corpo Truppe Volontarie and by Nazi Germany, which sent the Condor Legion. Francisco Franco Alba - IMDb Biography: Francisco Franco, General and ruler of Spain for nearly forty years began his career as a young soldier, rising to 2nd in command of the Spanish Foreign Legion in 1920 and later its commander. Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Tedulo Franco y Bahamonde Salgado Pardo (lhendatult Francisco Franco Bahamonde vi generalissimus (Generalsimo) Francisco Franco vi el Caudillo ('juht')); (4. detsember 1892 Ferrol - 20. november 1975 Madrid) oli Hispaania riigipea aastast 1936 kuni 1975. aastani, mil ta suri.. Tema esivanemate hulgas oli ka Portugali kuningaid. His spokesman Antonio Tovar commented at a Paris conference entitled 'Bolshevism versus Europe' that "Spain aligned itself definitively on the side ofNational Socialist Germany and Fascist Italy. Especially since most of the people in power today were raised during Franco's rule. Franco personally and many in the government openly stated that they believed there was an international conspiracy of Freemasons and Communists against Spain, sometimes including Jews or "Judeo-Masonry" as part of this. During the start of the Cold War, Franco lifted Spain out of its mid-20th century economic depression through technocratic and economically liberal policies, presiding over a period of accelerated growth known as the "Spanish miracle". El Generalsimo - Spanish Dictatorship Song - YouTube During the Civil War and in the aftermath, a period known as the White Terror took place. The Alianza Obrera declared a general strike "against fascism" in Catalonia in 1934. Conversely, Franco strongly identified with his mother (who always wore widow's black once she realised her husband had abandoned her) and learned from her moderation, austerity, self-control, family solidarity and respect for Catholicism, though he would also inherit his father's harshness, coldness and implacability.[20]. The Spanish dictatorship of General Francisco Franco is sometimes seen as fascist. Notably, it had no control over government spending, and the government was not responsible to it; ministers were appointed and dismissed by Franco alone. Francisco Franco naci el 4 de diciembre de 1892 en Ferrol. [12][13] As the dictatorship relaxed its hard-line policies, Luis Carrero Blanco became Franco's minence grise, whose role expanded after Franco began struggling with Parkinson's disease in the 1960s. In October 1944, Francisco Franco, right-wing dictator of Spain and sometime associate of the Axis, took one step towards ensuring the survival of his regime in the post-war world without Hitler and Mussolini. The Death of Franco | Origins Francisco Franco Alba is known for Quemar las naves (2007), The Last Call (2013) and El hotel de los secretos (2016). Spanish diplomats protected about 4,000 Jews living in Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, and Austria. Opinions on the exhumation were divided by party line, with the Socialist party strongly in favour of the exhumation as well as the removal of his statue there. On 20 November 1975, Spanish General Francisco Franco died in bed, signaling the unceremonious end of one of Europe's longest dictatorships (1939-1975). From 24 July a coordinating junta, the National Defence Junta, was established, based at Burgos. [39] Azaa entered an official reprimand into Franco's personnel file and for six months Franco was without a post and under surveillance. [255] Churches that retain plaques commemorating Franco and the victims of his Republican opponents may lose state aid. [29] This and other occasions of royal attention would mark him during the Republic as a monarchical officer. From 1917 to 1920, he served in Spain. [123] Beevor "reckons Franco's ensuing 'white terror' claimed 200,000 lives. [162], Spanish neutrality during World War II was publicly acknowledged by leading Allied statesmen. Was Francisco Franco a fascist or was his ideology different enough Franco became a national hero, and in 1926, at age 33, he was promoted to brigadier general. Although it is impossible to calculate precise statistics concerning the Spanish Civil War and its aftermath, Payne writes that if civilian fatalities above the norm are added to the total number of deaths for victims of violence, the number of deaths attributable to the civil war would reach approximately 344,000. On 1 April 1959, Franco had inaugurated its huge underground basilica as his monument and mausoleum, saying in his own words that it was built "in memory of my victory over communism, which was trying to dominate Spain." [230], On 11 May 2017, the Congress of Deputies approved, by 1981 with 140 abstentions, a motion driven by the Socialist Workers' Party ordering the Government to exhume Franco's remains. Alternate titles: El Caudillo, Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Tedulo Franco Bahamonde, Hilldale-Jaume Vicens Vives Professor of History, University of Wisconsin, Madison. Reig Tapia points out that Franco signed more decrees of execution than any other previous head of state in Spain. [25] In 1916, aged 23 with the rank of captain, Franco was shot in the abdomen by guerilla gunfire during an assault on Moroccan positions at El Biutz, in the hills near Ceuta; this was the only time he was wounded in ten years of fighting. From there they were transferred to the Miranda de Ebro camp for "purification" according to the Law of Political Responsibilities. This exposition depicted the experiences of prisoners in Franco's prison system, and described other aspects of the penal system such as women's prisons, trials, the jailers, and prisoners' families. Franco avoided involvement in Jos Sanjurjo's attempted coup that year, and even wrote a hostile letter to Sanjurjo expressing his anger over the attempt. [62] Some time after these events, Franco was briefly commander-in-chief of the Army of Africa (from 15 February onwards), and from 19 May 1935, on, Chief of the General Staff. [26] Franco also received the Cross of Maria Cristina, First Class.[27]. [149][note 1] According to Helen Graham, the Spanish working classes became to the Francoist project what the Jews were to the German Volksgemeinschaft. He noted that while Hitler and Stalin maintained rubber-stamp parliaments, this was not the case in Spain in the early years after the war a situation that nominally made Franco's regime "the most purely arbitrary in the world".[192]. [88] The first days of the insurgency were marked by an imperative need to secure control over the Spanish Moroccan Protectorate. Israel expressed disinterest in establishing relations, although there were some informal economic ties between the two countries in the later years of Franco's governance. [5] [6] The only child of Franco, Carmen Franco (1926-2017) led the organisation and later became its . [164] Franco had cautiously decided to enter the war on the Axis side in June 1940, and to prepare his people for war, an anti-British and anti-French campaign was launched in the Spanish media that demanded French Morocco, Cameroon and Gibraltar. Franco was initially keen to join the war before the UK could be defeated.[163]. [130] The rebels were able to build a larger air force and make more effective use of their air force, particularly in supporting ground operations and bombing; and generally enjoyed air superiority from mid-1937 onwards; this air power contributed greatly to the Nationalist victory. Estimates of the family's wealth have ranged from 350million to 600million euros. Njegova je vladavina poznata po fokusiranju na panjolski nacionalizam, imperijalistikim tenjama, centralizmu . The Spanish economy has three well-differentiated stages during Francisco Franco's dictatorship. [139] By 1939 the fascist style prevailed, with ritual rallying calls of "Franco, Franco, Franco. His grades were average; though his good memory meant he seldom struggled academically, his small stature was a hindrance in physical tests. Bol oznaovan ako Caudillo de Espaa por la gracia de Dios" (Vodca panielska z boej . This saw mass executions of Republican and other Nationalist enemies, standing in contrast to the war-time Red Terror. The tens of thousands of executions carried out by the Nationalist regime, which continued during the first years after the war ended, earned Franco more reproach than any other single aspect of his rule. Business Strategist, innovator and tactical leader developing new business, building and . He graduated in July 1910 as a second lieutenant, standing 251st out of 312 cadets in his class, though this might have had less to do with his grades than with his small size and young age. There seems to be no consensus on whether the statue should simply be moved or completely destroyed. [52] Thirty four priests, six young seminarists with ages between 18 and 21, and several businessmen and civil guards were summarily executed by the revolutionaries in Mieres and Sama, 58 religious buildings including churches, convents and part of the university at Oviedo were burned and destroyed,[53] and over 100 priests were killed in the diocese. Larger cities and capitals were mostly under the jurisdiction of the Policia Armada, or the grises ("greys", due to the colour of their uniforms) as they were called. Atltico Tucumn vs. Talleres (Crdoba) - Football Match Summary In 1969, Franco formally nominated as his heir-apparent Prince Juan Carlos de Borbn, who had been educated by him in Spain, with the new title of Prince of Spain.
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