The M-H equation is empirical and valid for monodisperse polymers, and it is applied to biomacromolecules (complex, hyperbranched, crosslink), taking the precaution of comparing the value of Mv with the polydispersity index (qM-H). dextran Dextran Specifications: Label (Ex/Em): Fluorescein (494/521) Size: 40,000 MW. The a value is higher than calculated in this work, because these calculations were performed with number average molecular weight (Mn) which rearranges the value of a and forces him to enter into unbranched or linear molecules (a > 0.5), on the other hand, if molecular weights (Mw) ware used to value would be less than 0.5. Dextrans can function efficiently as anterograde or retrograde tracers, Singh TRR, Garland MJ, Cassidy CM, Migalska K, Demir YK, Ryan SAE, Woolfson D, Donnelly RF. "Dextrans in Aqueous Solution. The numerical value of a indicates that dextrans acquire the shape of a rigid sphere in aqueous solution; and kM-H demonstrates that under water the value decreases with temperature [71, 72]. Using the polymer standards, a plot of the ln [] vs ln Mw usually gives a straight line. Learn More. WebThe Stokes radius or StokesEinstein radius of a solute is the radius of a hard sphere that diffuses at the same rate as that solute. 20K. * shows a significant difference between the M.W. Our portfolio includes for example derivatives of dextran, polysucrose, inulin and more. It is worth noting that the size of macromolecules is much bigger than that of solvent (water) molecules [50]. Schematic illustration of transdermal delivery after the application of the microporation device. GYA primarily conducted research. Biophysical Journal, 87, 4259-4270. The radius of gyration is typically calculated from static scattering measurements, while the hydro-dynamic radius (or equivalent sphere radius) is deter-mined by dynamic light scattering or other diffusion measurements. 2018 Aug 9;23(8):1984. doi: 10.3390/molecules23081984. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The unfolding of iRFP713 in a crowded milieu - PeerJ For a given polymer-solvent pair, the theta condition is satisfied at a certain temperature, called the theta () temperature or theta point. Dextran Fractions. The measurements of dextrans molecular weight were determined by size exclusion HPLC (Gilson, France) with Refraction Index detector using a Polysep-GFC-P5000 column (7.8030 mm). As a consequence of the diversity in their origin, the set of classical universal size independent quantities suffers from shortcomings. Formation of dextran hydrogels by crystallization. Critical parameters for gel permeation (2013). HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help GPC Symp. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. (2012). Covis, Rudy; Ladaviere, Catherine; Desbrieres, Jacques; Marie, Emmanuelle; Durand, Alain. Differences were considered statistically significant at p <0.05. In the case of a poor solvent, a temperature increase causes an increase in entropy and intrinsic viscosity and is favorable for the extended conformation. A sugar cane native dextran as an innovative functional excipient for the development of pharmaceutical tablets. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40824-020-00201-7, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40824-020-00201-7. After microporation, the TEWL values of the human cadaver skin increased from 11.30.6 to 33.01.0, 10.71.5 to 45.31.5, and 10.70.6 to 61.02.0g/m2/h when the microporation was performed 2, 5, and 10 times, respectively. Hi Khanh, Alan is taking a little time off of Research Gate at the moment, but here is some information in reply to your question. In this work, we evaluate the maximum radius of macromolecules able to enter into HeLa cells following a plasma treatment using a size exclusion approach with dextran molecules. The microporation device based on radiofrequency can be used to enhance delivery efficiency by removing the epidermis layer. Advances in Physical Chemistry, Vol. Fluorescent and Biotinylated DextransSection 14.5 Named after George Gabriel Stokes, it is closely related to solute mobility, factoring in not only size but also solvent effects.A smaller ion with stronger hydration, for example, may have a greater Stokes radius than a larger ion with In addition, the permeation rate was higher in pig skin than in human skin. Carbohydrate Polymers, 39, 377-380. If plotted for all molecular weights, the double logarithm of [] and Mw, the value of a obtained in all cases shows a value smaller than 0.5, which reports that dextran macromolecule has a degree of hyperbranched with increasing molecular weight and increases much for higher Mw (< 200kDa) which making the application of M-H method more difficult. J Appl Toxicol. WebDextran displays excellent biocompatibility and have been used clinically for over 50 years. Kasaai, Mohammad R. (2007). Porcine wound models for skin substitution and burn treatment. Data File Dextran. Ioan, C.E. The increased TEWL values which were proportional to the number of microspores indicate SC disruption and formation of microchannels in the skin. statement and 2015 Mar 17;6:155. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00155. Harding, S. E.; Varum, K.; Stoke B.; Smidsrod, O. Macromolecules, 31, 7712-7716. Gold MH, Biron JA. Chem. Each microporated sample was incubated in the skin culture medium. Unperturbed dimensions and theta temperature of dextran in aqueous solutions. Skin barrier disruption by acetone: observations in a hairless mouse skin model. An undergraduate physical chemistry experiment. dextran (2006). Macromolecules, 33, 5730-5739. We offer more than 50 fluorescent and biotinylated dextran conjugates in several molecular weight ranges. In order to understand the behavior of this biopolymer in water and to support changes at the M-H parameters with temperature, the hydrodynamic parameters are analyzed (hydrodynamic radius, (RH); Simha number, ((a/b)); Perrin parameter (P); Flory parameter (0); and stiffness chain (dln[]/dT)). Polysaccharides-based nanoparticles as drug delivery systems. European Polymer Journal, 43, 1744-1753. Molecular weight (Mv) and hydrodynamic properties can be calculated from there. Dextran. Biodegradable dextran hydrogels crosslinked by stereocomplex formation for the controlled release of pharmaceutical proteins. osmotic pressure or light scattering). Transdermal delivery of FITC-Dextrans with different molecular weights using radiofrequency microporation. The formula is verified for different systems of polymer-solvent and the values are in accord with those obtained by extrapolation. Structural and biocompatibility properties of dextran from Boudry I, Blanck O, Cruz C, Blanck M, Vallet V, Bazire A, Capt A, Josse D, Lallement G. Percutaneous penetration and absorption of parathion using human and pig skin models in vitro and human skin grafted onto nude mouse skin model in vivo. Elias, Hans-Georg (1975). Calculation of MarkHouwinkSakurada (MHS) equation viscometric constants for chitosan in any solventtemperatura system using experimental reported viscometric constants data. Determination of polymer structure by Gel Permeation Chromatography. Microporations were performed 2, 5, and 10 times and the skin damage was confirmed using the TEWL measurement. DLS tests were conducted at detection angle of 90 (standard) and 173 (backscatter) to measure protein hydrodynamic radius, while protein charge was examined in phase analysis light scattering (PALS) mode at detection angle of 15 (forward). Molecular weight, particle size and diffusion coefficient can be determined in many studies by Dynamic Light Scattering [20, 21, 22], Gel Permeation Chromatography [23], Analytical Ultracentrifuge [24, intrinsic viscosity [1, 7, 14], size exclusion chromatography / multiangle laser light scattering / differential viscometry, Flow Field-Flow Fractionation [25], and so on. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Biomaterials Research 2013;3(5):3588605. European Biophysical Journal, 36, 85-94. The Principle of the Suspended Level: Applications to the Measurement of Viscosity and Other Properties of Liquids. Thus, it is a common practice to express the frictional coefficient of rigid structures as. 2022 Feb 22;16(2):1999-2012. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07010. Terms and Conditions, NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program. These vibrations heat the skin tissue, triggering water vapor and cell ablation, forming microchannels from the SC through to the outer dermis. Increased TEWL values are evidence of micropores formation. Monosaccharide analysis revealed that the polysaccharide comprised only glucose units. Intrinsic viscosity determination offers a simple and useful method that requires low cost equipment and yields useful information on soluble macromolecules. Dynamic light scattering study confirmed the mono-disperse nature of dextran with hydrodynamic radius of 900 nm. ; Bos, G.W. Dextran (1999). Leiva, Angel; Muoz, Natalia; Urza, Marcela; Gargallo, Ligia; Radic, Deodato (2010). The value of qM-H varies from one sample to another one, because it is a function of a and the average molecular weights (Mv, Mw). Banga AK. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Table 2 shows that comparing the intrinsic viscosity data obtained from the Huggins method and the Solomon-Ciuta single-point method, a similar values are obtained and the %RE is lower for low Mw and it increases for higher Mw. Palmuti Braga Vettoria, Mary Helen; Martins Franchetti, Sandra Mara; Contiero, Jonas (2012). Normally, the skin loses very little water loss whereas damaged skin loses more [22]. dextran hydrodynamic radius Senti, F. R.; Hellman, N. N.; Ludwig, G.; Babcock, E.; Tobin, R.; Class, C. A., (1955). Carbohydrate Polymers, 79, 380-390. The molecular mass of dextran as determined by the gel filtration and copper bicinchoninate method was Lpez Martnez, M. C.; Daz Baos, F. G.; Ortega Retuerta, A.; Garca de , J. Keywords: Google Scholar. RBECs were passaged onto cell culture inserts as described and cultured for a further 714 days in vitro. In order to confirm the molecular weight the gel permeation chromatography (GPC) for standard dextrans is used in a range of molecular weights from 8.8 to 2000kDa and these correspond to the following equation. dextran hydrodynamic radius. However, considering the trauma and unethical practices associated with animal experiments, in vitro studies with human cadaver skin offers an ethical and viable alternative. Fixable: Fixable via Lysine. Enhanced topical delivery of small hydrophilic or lipophilic active agents and epidermal growth factor by fractional radiofrequency microporation. Molecular Weight Distributions of Water-Soluble Polymers by Flow Field-Flow Fractionation. Kloster, C.; Bica, C.; Lartigue, C.; Rochas, C.; Samios, D.; Geissler E. (1998). (1991). Crini, G. (2005). Ionic Polymers Based on Dextran: Hydrodynamic Properties in Aqueous Solution and Solvent Mixtures. The regeneration of micropores in the human cadaver skin caused by microporation was confirmed using an optical microscope and haematoxylin/eosin (H&E) staining. Beer, M.U. ; Ortega, A.; Garcia de la Torre, J.; Harding, S.E. Springer Nature. 2009;301(8):60913. This universalization of the parameters leads to a higher error ratio in the calculation of the respective molecular weights. 2016;9706:97061E6. Experimental Review on Intrinsic Viscosity Measurements and Temperature Effect. Micropores are produced by the arrangement of microelectrodes on the skin at precise dimensions, then RF energy generated by alternating currents induces ionic vibrations between electrodes with positive or negative charges. (1987). Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. This phenomenon is observed in the case of hyperbranched biopolymers evidencing an increase of a with temperature. (1969). WebThis value is sensible given that i j = 0 and that the search radius of the clustering algorithm is slightly larger than the average segment length of our Dextran model (b 5.5 nm). Kam Y, Sacks H, Kaplan KM, Stern M, Levin G. Radio frequency-microchannels for transdermal delivery: characterization of skin recovery and delivery window. Whiteside PJD, Chininis JA, Schellenberg MW, Qian C, Hunt HK. Figure 2 shows the classical method for calculating Mark-Houwink parameters, where a linear relation between the intrinsic viscosity and the molecular weight is established for each temperature. Human cadaver skins (fresh human full-thickness skin disc, 12~20mm) were supplied by Biopredic International (Saint-Grgoire, France). The molecular weight of dextran samples can be obtained by a variety of methods including light scattering, HPLC/SEC, sedimentation, osmometry and end-group analysis. 2009;6(4):34354. Sci. Pharmacol Pharm. Table1 shows TEWL values measured immediately after the microporation of human and pig skins. Before Working with the molecular weights given by the manufacturer and compare them with the molecular weights, calculated from the Mark-Houwink parameters in this work; can be seen that the %RE obtained, see Table 6. European Polymer Journal, 42, 1086-1092. Webprotein hydrodynamic radius was observed with increasing protein concentration (in the range 0.25-2 mM) in both the absence and presence of 8 M urea. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Dilute solution properties and degree of chain branching 2003;89(2):31120. Figure4 shows the histological analysis of micropores in human cadaver skin. Characterization of high molecular weight dextran produced by Weissella cibaria CMGDEX3. What is hydrodynamic radius The hydrodynamic radius is important in predicting transretinal penetration Carroll PJ. The Mark-Houwink parameters and the effect of temperature on them are specifically studied. Carbohydrate Polymers 95 360-365. The importance of this type of study lies in the analysis of the polysaccharide behavior at industrial processes, the requirements to reduce energy, avoid flow problems and product quality control. Molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and molecular size of a native dextran. Carbohydrate Research, 160, 205-214. Biomacromolecules 8, 2464-2475. Hydrodynamic Radius 2023 Feb 17;12(4):861. doi: 10.3390/foods12040861. Table 5 shows the data of Mark-Houwink parameters determined in figure 4 from linear regressions with 2 values higher than 0.9797. California Privacy Statement, ; Weisz, J. (2003). Where f0 is the frictional coefficient of a sphere having the same hydrodynamic (hydrated or solvated) volume V as the particle. The proportionality between []0 and M0.5 is obtained as a limiting law for the no draining regime. CAS Webdextran hydrodynamic radius. Morris, G.A. Analytical Chemistry. (2004). II. 2019;26(1):25261. The cumulative permeation of FITC-dextran 10K was 4.820.32M, in the human skin and 5.920.46M in the pig skin. J Cosmet Laser Ther. Physicochemical studies of oligodextran. Determination of the intrinsic viscosity has been the most used measurement in the last 60 years. of different origins. Webwhittier union high school district superintendent. Structural characterization of a new dextran with a low degree of branching produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides FT045B dextransucrase. Universal size-independent quantities for the conformational characterization of rigid and flexible macromolecules. Experimental and numerical study on the mixed lubrication Immediately after formation, the microchannels are filled with interstitial fluid, making them hydrophilic, and a suitable drug delivery system [15]. These studies on Mark-Houwink parameters are usually carried out at a given temperature, obtaining a consistent result but in a very limited temperature range [68]. Rissmann R, Oudshoorn MHM, Hennink WE, Ponec M, Bouwstra JA. Molecular weight determination of polysaccharides. Thus, it is accepted that, for every flexible-chain polymer in a (ideal) solvent, there is a universal value of 0 = 2.1-2.5x1023mol-1 [52]. WebFITC Products. In a poor solvent which shows a positive heat of mixing, segments of a polymer molecule attract each other in solution more strongly than attract the surrounding solvent molecules. Castellanos Gil, E. E.; Iraizoz Colarte, A.; El Ghzaoui, A.; Durand, D.; Delarbre, J.L. (2000). A few percent of R (13) glucosidic linkages provides side chains which appear to be short. Format), Citation-(BibTeX Learn More. hydrodynamic Transdermal drug delivery: overcoming the skins barrier function. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. Thomas Gutberlet (Lipoteichoic Acid): Statistiques d'influence Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC), a common phenomenon that can produce local excessive temperature, high pressure and large amount of energy. ; Rjumtsev, E.I. WebR H Hydrodynamic radius [m] The basic DLS setup. Carbohydr Polym. The dextran used is from Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-512F which is essentially a linear -(1-6)-linked glucose chain with however a low percentage (2-5%) of -(1-3) branches distributed along the chain4. Synthesis of dextran by dextransucrase treated, sucrose-supplemented skimmed milk revealed the promising potential of dextran as a food additive. Ubbelohde, Leo. It has been found that, when applied to water treatment, it can effectively act on refractory organic matter in wastewater through thermal decomposition and water molecular action to produce free
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